U.S. Civil War (1861-1865)

For Holmes, interest in farming eventually gave way to his fascination with fossils, especially marine invertebrates, and by 1845 he had amassed a huge collection that gained attention from many naturalists.

Holmes began to ponder Pentecostal experience when he read about hundreds receiving the gifts of the spirit at a revival in Los Angeles in 1906, and he began to identify himself as a Pentecostal after attending a revival meeting in West Union in 1907 at the urging of one of the students at his school.

Federal forces at Port Royal initiated the campaign in the fall of 1864 to support the movement of General William Tecumseh Sherman’s army against Savannah.

Returned in 1888 and 1890, Irby was unanimously elected Speaker of the House in 1890. During this time, Irby and others persuaded Benjamin Tillman to come out of his self-imposed retirement and lead the reform movement initiated by the Farmers’ Alliance as a challenge to conservative control of the Democratic Party.

Jenkins’s greatest contribution to Charleston, however, was the founding of the Jenkins Orphanage.

After the Civil War, he represented Union as a delegate to the 1872 Taxpayers’ Convention and in the S.C. Senate from 1872 to 1882. From 1877 to 1880, he was elected president pro tempore of the Senate.

The present church was built in 1822–1823 under the leadership of Pastor Elipha White. It bears many similarities to Episcopal churches, including clear glass windows with semicircular windows above.

After dissolving their partnership, Jones and Lee followed remarkably similar paths. Both remained in Charleston and continued to practice architecture, then served in the Confederate army during the Civil War, and later went west.

Judson taught nearly every subject in the college curriculum, including English, French, art, astronomy, botany, and elocution (a subject she introduced).

Kellogg sought to familiarize American audiences with the European opera repertoire. Consequently, her company’s performances were sung in English, rather than Italian, German, or French. The troupe disbanded in 1876 after enjoying only moderate success.

Kershaw was made colonel of the Second South Carolina Regiment. Its first engagement was at Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861), where the regiment manned the Morris Island fortifications. Shortly thereafter the regiment was sent to Virginia and played an active role in the Confederate victory at First Manassas (July 21, 1861). In January 1862 Kershaw was given command of a brigade, and the following month he was promoted to brigadier general.

In her writing, Susan Petigru King perceived herself to be an American William Makepeace Thackeray. She wrote realistically and satirically about the manners and mores—the sexual politics and unhappy unions— of the Charleston and lowcountry plantation elite in the divorceless South Carolina that she knew well.

In the aftermath of a failed Union assault on Marye’s Heights, he witnessed hundreds of wounded and dying Union soldiers begging for water. Touched by their cries, Kirkland went to his brigade commander, Joseph B. Kershaw, and declared, “General, I can’t stand this.” Convincing Kershaw to allow him to aid the Union wounded, Kirkland gathered up a dozen or more canteens and went out onto the battlefield to comfort and assist his fallen enemies.

Active on several Senate committees, Latimer supported the idea that the government was “in a practical working sense, the servant of the American people.”

By June 1858 Lebby’s suction pump had been used to remove some 145,000 cubic yards of material, an unprecedented dredging achievement.

During his years in Savannah, LeConte wrote several scholarly articles, and in 1846 the University of Georgia appointed him as professor of natural philosophy (chemistry and physics).

Pleased with his situation in Columbia, LeConte endeared himself to his students, took an active part in the cultural affairs of the city, and published articles on topics in geology, religion, art, and education.

After relocating to Charleston, Lee began to practice law and went on to become one of the state’s most successful black lawyers.

Promoted to brigadier general, Lee was sent west to command artillery as the Confederacy attempted to stop the Federals from seizing control of the Mississippi River.

His reputation firmly established, Lieber became interested in a permanent academic position. With the reorganization of South Carolina College in 1835, Lieber was elected professor of history and political economy.